Stopping Distance (Reaction Distance + Braking Distance)

The distance required for a vehicle to come to a complete stop (called stopping distance) is calculated as the sum of the reaction distance and the braking distance.

Reaction Distance + Braking Distance = Stopping Distance

Below are the definitions of each type of distance, assuming dry road conditions and tires in good condition (applicable to standard passenger cars).

Reaction DistanceThe distance the vehicle travels from the moment the driver recognizes a hazard, presses the brake, until the brakes begin to take effect.
Braking DistanceThe distance the vehicle travels from the moment the brakes begin to take effect until the vehicle comes to a complete stop.
Stopping DistanceThe total of the reaction distance and the braking distance.

When the driver is fatigued, braking is delayed → reaction distance is longer. If the road is slippery or tires are worn → braking distance is longer.